江凤凤

 剪百味  刻希望

姓名：江凤凤

鉴赏项目：剪纸

语录：一剪信仰一希望  一刻浮生一刹那

 

何为剪纸：

剪纸是用剪刀或刻刀在纸上剪出各种各样图案的传统民间艺术。纸发明于西汉时代，在此之前人们运用薄片、皮革、在树叶上剪刻纹样，制作工艺品。这为剪纸的形成奠定基础。中国最早的剪纸作品是五幅北朝时期的北朝团花剪纸。剪纸在唐代得到了很大的发展，当时民间流行“镂金作胜”，就是用纸或金银箔、丝帛、剪刻而成的花样。为了求得风调雨顺，古人会在人日将“胜”贴在屏风、门窗上。据史料记载，首位剪纸人——余敬之，出现于宋朝时期，因此也诞生了以剪纸为职业的行业艺人。剪纸的鼎盛时期于明清时代，因在宫廷得到广泛应用，而成为全民艺术。剪纸除了作为单纯装饰性的寓意，在不同题材上也涵盖不一样的寓意。例如寄托崇拜之情，表达吉庆作用，祝愿生活美好、又或者祛灾辟邪求福等作用。

 

What is a paper-cutting：

Paper cutting is a kind of traditional folk art of cutting various patterns on paper with scissors or carving knife. Although paper was invented in the Western Han Dynasty, before that, paper did not appear, but people at that decade used thin sheet material leather or even cut patterns on leaves to make handicrafts through hollow carving techniques. This has leaded a certain foundation for the formation of paper-cut. At early decade, the earliest paper-cut works found in China with verifiable evidence are five paper-cuts of the Northern Dynasty group flowers unearthed near the Huoyanshan mountain in Turpan, Xinjiang. Paper-cutting developed greatly in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, it was popular among the people to make a carving made of paper or gold and silver foil. In ancient times, people would paste the carving on screens and doors in order to obtain good weather and happiness. During the Song Dynasty, Yu Jing Zhi, the first paper-cut artist in historical records, also appeared as a professional paper-cut artist. The heyday of paper-cutting was in the Ming and Qing Dynasties when paper-cutting became a national art and was widely used in the court. Besides being purely decorative, paper-cutting also covered different meanings in different themes, such as representing feelings of salute, representing good luck, wishing a good life or dispelling disasters and evil spirits for good fortune. 

 

接下来，我会为大家展示四种不同的剪纸，并对他们进行鉴赏。

Next, I will show you four kinds of paper-cuts and understand their meaning.

抓髻娃娃 “Zhua Ji”doll

我所剪刻的是标准的女性抓髻娃娃。女性抓髻娃娃头立双鸟或双鸡。双手向外撇或者向上举，处于抓鸟的状态。这“鸟”的形象寄寓着某种深刻的图腾崇拜文化内涵，可归为鸟灵崇拜的一种，几乎同太阳崇拜一样地古老。因此，在人类原始思维中，抓髻娃娃头上与手上的鸟是象征太阳，能驱散漫漫长夜。所以这类“抓髻娃娃”具有驱鬼、引魂、送病等巫术功能。

What I have cut is a standard female "Zhua Ji” doll with a pair of birds or chickens standing on its head and hands outstretched or raised upward, in a state of catching birds. The image of the bird embodies some profound cultural connotation of totem worship, which can be classified as a kind of bird spirit worship, almost as old as sun worship. Therefore, in primitive human thinking, the birds on the head and hands of the “Zhua Ji” dolls symbolized the sun, which could disperse the long night. Therefore, this kind of “Zhua Ji”dolls had witchcraft functions such as driving away ghosts, inducing spirits and sending diseases.

葫芦剪纸Calabash paper-cut

葫芦的谐音是福禄，其枝茎称为蔓带，谐音“万代”，故蒲芦蔓带谐音为“福禄万代”。葫芦的中间有个“寿”字，也称“福禄寿”，同时象征着幸福、吉利、长寿。

The homonym of calabash is Fu lu, and its branches and stems are called man dai, which is homonym for thousands of generations. Therefore, Calabash

 Branches homonym is fulu mandai “福禄万代”. In the middle of calabash, there is a word of longevity“寿”, so it can also be called Fulu And Longevity, which also symbolizes happiness, geely and longevity.

 

双鱼灯笼剪纸 Fish lanterns paper-cut

灯身是两条富丽堂皇的大鱼，其背鳍为两条缀有平安两字的帆船。在双鱼中间有“年年有鱼”四个字，寓意希望来年富足有余，灯底座由元宝和铜钱组成，寓意“四季（四个铜钱）都发财，年终元宝来”。

The lantern body is two magnificent big fish, its dorsal fin for two decorated with the word safety “平安”of the two sailboats. In the middle of the fish have “年年有鱼”four words , with the meaning of abundance in the next year.Second, the lamp base is composed of gold and copper coins, meaning the four seasons (four copper coins) are rich, the end of the year “Yuan Bao” come.

石榴娃 Pomegranate Baby

这张剪纸以大红石榴的造型为剪纸主题，突出醒目。四角从中间顺时针方向分别装饰有小鸟、金鱼、莲花和“早生贵子”四个字表示“连年有余”和“早生贵子”的祝愿。外翻的石榴皮像娃娃的四肢，而圆形的石榴籽部分正好像娃娃的肚兜。这些小花中最有意思的就是像娃娃小手和小脚丫的那两朵。民间婚嫁之时，常将它置于新房案头，以表达早生贵子的祈盼。

This paper cut with the shape of a big red pomegranate as the theme of paper cut. Four corners from the middle clockwise respectively decorated with birds、goldfish 、lotus and early birth of a noble son“早生贵子” four words. The pomegranate skin turned out like the limbs of the doll, and the round part of the pomegranate seeds is just like the doll's belly pocket. The most interesting in these florets is resemble baby little hand and small foot. When the people get married that often place it in bridal chamber desk, in order to express the pray that gives birth to your child early.