黄文馨

 墨染清风

名字：黄文馨 

鉴赏项目：中国画

语录：墨已入水，染尽清风

 

中国画介绍 

中国画，又称国画，是中国的传统绘画，由水、墨作画于娟或纸上。中国画以墨为主要原料，以不同的浓淡画出层次感。中国画并不局限于黑白，亦有五彩缤纷的彩墨画。其题材有人物画、山水画和花鸟画。然而，作画必不可少的“文房四宝”，即笔、墨、纸和砚。

中国画的起源追溯至远古时期，繁荣于盛唐。这时的山水画、花鸟画已发展成熟，宗教画达到了顶峰，并出现了世俗化倾向，人物画以表现贵族生活为主。两宋时期，中国画发展进一步成熟和繁荣，宗教画渐趋衰退，山水画、花鸟画跃居画坛主流。元明清时期的水墨山水和写意花鸟得到突出发展。随着社会经济的逐渐稳定，文化艺术领域呈现空前繁荣。

Introduction of Chinese Painting

Chinese painting is regarded as one of the oldest continuous artistic traditions in China. Chinese painting uses paper and silk as material, done with a brush dipped in black ink or colored pigments. It also known as guó huà, meaning “national painting” or “native painting”, or shuǐ mò meaning “ink and wash painting”. Ink is used as the main raw material, and different components of clear water are added to draw thick ink, light ink, dry ink, wet ink, burnt ink, etc., to draw different shades. However, Chinese painting is not restricted to only black and white, but can also be painted in colors, generally used in flowers and bird painting. Colourful Chinese paintings can also be called cǎi mò, meaning “colorful ink paintings”. There are three types of themes for Chinese painting, which are figure painting, landscape painting and flowers and birds painting. Tools are essential for painting. The indispensable writing and painting tools in ancient times were pen, ink, paper and inkstone. 

The origin of Chinese painting goes back to primitive rock paintings and colored pottery paintings in ancient times. Silk paintings appeared in the Warring States Period. The spread of foreign cultures in the Han dynasty and Wei, Jin and the Southern and Northern dynasties has resulted the Chinese painting dominated by religion. Landscape painting, flowers and birds painting are also sprouting at this time. In the great Tang dynasty, painting also becoming prospered. At this time, landscape paintings including flowers and birds painting are being matured, and religious painting has reached its peak, a tendency towards secularization appeared. Also at this time, figure paintings trend to mainly show the life of noble. When Chinese painting developed to the Song Dynasty, it becomes further matured and prospered. Religious paintings are declining. Furthermore, landscape painting, flowers and birds painting leap into the mainstream of the painting world. In the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, ink landscapes and freehand flowers and birds have been prominently developed. With the gradual stability of the economy, the field of culture and art has shown unprecedented prosperity.

 

鉴赏与心得 

中国画是中国国粹，蕴含中华民族的气韵和境界。此次我共作了三幅作品，即《竹》、《雀》、《梅》。三幅画作均为花鸟画，花鸟画的宗旨是注重表述人的心灵世界，抒发人的思想感情，体现人的内在生命。

《竹》

竹不开花，清但高雅，四季常青，虚心劲节，象征着君子之道。文人墨客以竹的特征赋予它气节、坚贞、质朴、正直等精神文化象征。李白更是以《慈姥竹》咏叹竹虚心、贞洁、自强的品格。为了凸显竹的凌厉，在撇竹叶时须用浓墨，下笔要劲利，实按虚起，一扫而过，切勿拖泥带水。我使用“四鱼”的组叶画法来撇竹叶，使画面有较强的空间感，同时能准确地表现出竹子生机盎然的状态。可虽然是一笔成形，但我画的竹叶缺少了利落凌厉之态，有过之而无不及，仍要继续学习。

《雀》

雀是依人小鸟，玲珑可爱。栖息在枝梢上的雀，是一串串感人的生命清音，蕴含着生命的温热。麻雀是生活中常见的禽类，虽平凡渺小，却能“飞翔在乌云之中”。苏轼以“边鸾雀写生，赵昌花传神”体现出形与神于中国绘画美学的核心问题。画雀最怕就是有形无神，导致缺少灵魂，传达不出花鸟的生气勃勃。形容易临摹，神却难上加难。我认为画雀最主要的是眼睛，眼睛是心灵之窗，画好眼睛便能传神。

《梅》

梅，是中国十大名花之首，与松、竹并称为“岁寒三友”。梅有传春报喜、吉庆的象征。“梅具四德，初生为元，是开始之本；开花为亨，意味着通达顺利；结子为利，象征祥和有益；成熟为贞，代表坚定贞洁。”为了传达出梅花在寒冬中的傲寒不屈，梅树应画的轩昂挺拔。梅花四散也是为了画出开枝散叶的好兆头。在我的画作中，主干在前，因此用浓墨勾画，其他旁支就用稍淡的墨勾画。为了让梅花呈开枝散叶的状态，我蘸取红墨后拍打毛笔，让一点一滴的红墨散落在画作的各个角落。

Appreciation

Chinese painting contains the spirit and state of the Chinese nation. It is an excellent tradition of the Chinese nation, and also the Quintessence of China. I have drawn three paintings this time, which named “Bamboo”, “Sparrow” and “Plum”. All three paintings are flowers and birds paintings, and flowers and birds paintings aim to focus on expressing people’s spiritual world, expressing people’s thoughts and feelings, and embodying people’s inner life. 

Bamboo

Bamboo does not bloom, clear but elegant, remain green throughout the year, humbly, it symbolizes the gentleman's way. The literary men endow bamboo with spiritual and cultural symbols such as integrity, steadfastness, simplicity, and integrity with its characteristics. Li Bai even chanted bamboo's humility, chastity, and self-improvement in poem "Ci Lau Zhu". In order to accentuate the fierceness of bamboo, thick ink should be used when drawing bamboo leaves, put brush to paper in one stroke. Don’t dawdle. I use the "four fish" group leaf painting method to demonstrate a profound spatial sense in the drawing, in the meantime it can express the vitality of the bamboo accurately. But even though it was in a single stroke, the leaves I painted is lack of sharpness, I will blaze away in future work.

Sparrow

Sparrows are small birds, pert and cute. The sparrows living on the branches are a string of touching sounds of life, which contains the warmth of life. Sparrows are common birds in our life. Although they are ordinary and small, they can "fly in the dark clouds". Su Shi embodies the core issue of the Chinese painting aesthetics with poetry "The finches painted by Bian Luan are like living ones, and the flower paintings by Zhao Chang are also very vivid". The most common mistake in painting a sparrow is that it is tangible but lifeless, leading to the lack of soul and fail to convey the vitality of flowers and birds. The contours are easy to replicate, but the vividness of flowers and birds are difficult to show. I think the most important thing in painting a sparrow is its eyes, as the eyes are the window to the soul, and a pair of well-drawn eyes can be vivid.

Plum

Plum is the most beloved flowers in China, and is called as "Three Friends of Sui Han" together with pine and bamboo. Plum has a symbol of auspicious, good luck and good fortune. "Plum has four virtues, birth is the origin, which is the foundation of the beginning; blooming for prosperity means smooth access; knotting for profit, symbolizing peace and beneficial; maturity for chastity, representing firmness and allegiance." In order to convey the pride and indomitable spirit of plum blossoms in the cold winter, the plum tree should be drawn tall and straight. The dispersed plum blossoms bode well for childbirth in the future. As you can see in my paintings, the trunk is in the front, it is outlined with thick ink, and lighter ink is used for other branches. In order to bring out the plum blossom, I dipped the red ink and patted the brush so the red ink is scattered all over the paper.