沈明宏

 形神之艺

名字：沈明宏

鉴赏项目：脸谱

语录：一揉一勾一抹相，万性皆在不言中

 

脸谱简介：

脸谱的起源我们可以追溯到部落时期的祭祀仪式。在仪式中，负责祭祀的巫士们都会带着面具，像古蜀国三星堆就出土了几十个青铜面具。在先秦时期的时候，有一种叫做“儺礼”的一种驱逐疫鬼的风俗。儺礼中的表演者也是需要带着面具。我们可以发现脸谱是起源于面具。这些脸谱都有特定的规格，就好像乐谱，所以被称为脸谱。为什么会有脸谱呢？是因为以前的表演一般是在集市，庙会上演出，但是在那个时代并没有像现代的近镜头，扩音器这些设备，因此脸谱可以尽快且明确的反映出剧情里的人物性格，以及让观众容易分辨角色。京剧有个谚语“红忠紫孝，黑正粉老，黄狠灰贪，蓝勇绿暴，水白奸邪，油白狂傲，神佛精灵，金银普照”。

The origin of Peking opera mask can be traced back to sacrificial rituals in the tribal period. During the ceremony, the sorcerers in charge of offering sacrifices would wear masks. For example, dozens of bronze masks were unearthed in Sanxingdui of the Ancient Shu Kingdom. In the pre-Qin period, there was a custom called "Nuo Li" to expel epidemic ghosts. The performers in "Nuo Li" also need to wear masks. We can find that facial makeup is originated from masks. These facial masks have specific specifications, just like musical scores, so they are called facial masks. Why do we need facial masks? It’s because previous performances were generally performed in markets and temple fairs, but in that era, there was no such equipment as modern close-up lenses and loudspeakers. Therefore, the facial makeup can quickly and clearly reflect the personality of the character in the plot, and make it easier for the audience to distinguish the character. There is a proverb in Peking opera: "Red loyalty and purple filial piety, black upright and pink old, yellow ruthless and gray greedy, blue brave and green violent, water-white treacherous, oily white arrogant, gods, buddhas and elves, gold and silver."

心得：

脸谱这门艺术可以说是我从未涉足过的领域。在进行了初步的了解和思索了之后，我还是决定了选择脸谱这门艺术。其中最大的原因是因为在了解的过程中，我发现了原来其中包涵了许多我喜欢的经典角色，如：《包青天》的包拯、《西游记》的孙悟空和《三国》的曹操、关羽和典韦。由于对这些人物的热爱，使我也更加的想了解这些经典人物的脸谱样式以及蕴含在脸谱中的花纹意义。例如：包拯额头专属的白月牙便有传说是地府通行证，因为有包拯“日断阳，夜断阴”的传说。

在过后的探索中，我也了解了更多脸谱的知识，包括各种脸谱起源的说法，各种脸谱主色所代表的角色性格，脸谱的着色方式即揉、勾、抹、破以及脸谱谱式的四种分类即整脸，三块瓦脸、花三块瓦脸和碎脸。在学习的过程中，我也逐渐发觉了脸谱之美。脸谱中夸张的谱式往往更能带出角色的形与神。

The art of Peking opera mask can be said a field that I have never tried before. After preliminary understanding and thinking, I still decided to choose the art of facial masks. The biggest reason is that in the process of understanding, I discovered that it contains many classic characters that I like. Such as: Bao Zheng in "Bao Qing Tian", Monkey King in "Journey to the West" and Cao Cao, Guan Yu and Dian Wei in "Three Kingdoms". Because of the love for these characters, I also want to know more about the Peking opera mask styles of these classic characters and the meaning of the patterns contained in the Peking opera mask. For example, there is a legend that the white crescent on Bao Zheng's forehead is the pass to the underworld, because there is a legend of Bao Zheng that " judging people by day, ghosts by night". 

During the exploration, I also learned more about Peking opera mask, including the origin of various facial makeup, the personality of the character represented by the main color of various facial masks, the coloring methods of facial masks which is rubbing, hooking, wiping and breaking  and there are four types of facial masks style: whole face, three-part face, advanced three-part face and densely packed face. In the process of learning, I gradually discovered the beauty of facial masks. The exaggerated pattern in the facial masks can often bring out the character's external and spirit.