詹智阳

 活灵活现

姓名：詹智阳

鉴赏项目：京剧脸谱

语录：奇异人面，活灵活现

 

脸谱介绍（Introduction to Peking opera mask）

 京剧脸谱起源于面具与图腾。在中国古代时期，人类的祭祀活动中就有巫舞，舞者常带着原始面具进行舞蹈和进行巫术仪式。“脸谱”是指中国传统戏剧里演员脸部的彩色化妆或是面具上的图形绘画。京剧脸谱的绘画方式可以分为三类：揉脸、抹脸、勾脸。京剧脸谱的造形和绘画，主要以象征性以及夸张的色彩和线条来彰显特定人物的形象和个性，透过相关的颜色来表达出一个人物的评价以及使人产生丰富的想像力来思考特定的人物特色。熟悉脸谱艺术的观众就能从脸谱上分辨出哪个角色是属于英雄或坏人、是有智慧还是倾向愚拙，受人爱戴还是使人厌恶的人物。

      Peking opera facial painting and masks originated from masks and totems. In ancient China, there was witch dance in human sacrificial activities. Dancers often wore primitive masks to dance and perform witchcraft ceremonies. Facial painting and masks refer to the colourful makeup on the faces of actors or the graphic paintings on masks in traditional Chinese dramas. The painting methods of Peking Opera masks can be divided into three categories: rubbing the face, wiping the face and hooking the face. The shape and painting of masks mainly use symbolic, exaggerated colours and lines to highlight the image and personality of a specific character. Through related colours, it expresses the evaluation of a character and enables people to generate a rich imagination to think about a specific character's features. Those audiences who are familiar with the art of facial painting and masks can distinguish from the facial painting whether a character belongs to a hero or a bad person, is wise or prone to stupidity, loved or hated by others.

鉴赏与心得（Appreciation）

  在中国古代时期，人类的祭祀活动就开始带着原始面具进行巫术舞蹈和仪式。随着朝代的演变与发展，中国戏剧与脸谱也开始进入兴盛阶段。通过京剧脸谱的创作，我学习到如何绘画以及分辨一部分的脸谱，并且通过脸谱的颜色来分析脸谱的人物个性与特点。这一次主要的脸谱创作有三国时代的人物，“关羽”和“姜维”，西游记的“孙悟空”，以及清朝时期的人物“窦尔敦”。

     “关羽”属于整脸，脸部的整体颜色以红色为主要，眉眼和额头等部位有一些变化，构图简单。“红色”象征着“忠义”、“赤胆忠心”和“热血”。“姜维”属于三块瓦脸，“红色”比较明显，也有“白色”和“黑色”来增添脸谱的色彩。“孙悟空”属于象形脸谱，红白色彩，象征着忠义、耿直、有血性、但是又有心计、狡猾的性格。孙悟空的脸谱主要以猴形以及加以艺术夸张的颜色来呈现出其特色。“窦尔敦”属于蓝色脸，表现出他的性格刚烈勇猛、有心计以及桀骜不驯的特征。眉部画有黑色双钩一对，是窦尔敦使用的兵器。窦尔敦在京剧中的脸谱是属于“兰花三块瓦”，是“三块瓦”脸谱中的一种。

      每个脸谱造型都相当逼真，五彩迷人、活灵活现，似乎能看见真面目一般，仿佛真实人物就在眼前。脸谱也是中华文化之一，我们可以透过脸谱来想象历史悠久的英雄人物以及认识不同的历史人物。

    In ancient China, human sacrificial activities began to perform witchcraft dances and rituals with primitive masks. With the evolution and development of dynasties, Chinese drama and facial painting and masks have also begun to enter a prosperous stage. In the process of facial painting and masks, I learned how to draw and distinguish a part of the masks, and also analyse the personalities and characteristics of the masks through the colour of the facial paintings. The main facial paintings and masks that I created this time were "Guan Yu" and "Jiang Wei" from the Three Kingdoms era, " Wukong" from Journey to the West, and " Dou Er Dun " from the Qing Dynasty.

    "Guan Yu" belongs to the whole face. The overall colour of the masks is mainly red. There are some changes in the eyebrows and forehead. The composition is simple. "Red" symbolises "loyalty" and "courage”. "Jiang Wei" belongs to the three tiled faces, and the "red" is the most obvious colour, but there are also "white" and "black" on the facial painting and mask. " Wukong" belongs to the pictographic mask. It has the red and white colour on the mask. Red and white colour symbolising loyalty and uprightness, but also scheming and cunning character. Wukong facial painting is mainly characterised by monkey shape and artistic exaggeration. “Dou Er Dun” belongs to the blue face, showing his character of boldness, scheming and rebelliousness. On the face of " Dor Er Dun ", there is a pair of black double hooks drawn on the eyebrows, which represent the weapon used by " Dor Er Dun ". “Dou Er dun”'s facial makeup in Peking Opera belongs to "Orchid Three Tiles", which is one of the "Three Tiles" masks.

    The shape of each mask is realistic, colourful, charming and vivid, just like you see the real face or imagine a real person is right in front of you. Facial painting and masks are a part of Chinese culture. We can imagine the specific heroes through the facial paintings and masks, and recognize the characteristics of different historical figures.